[Indexes of immunity and local protection in humans with intestine dysbacteriosis].

AIM: Study indexes of immunity and local protection in humans with intestine dysbacteriosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative intestine microbiocenosis, content of gamma-interferon (EIA method) in coprofiltrates in 204 individuals were studied, data from immunograms of 123 individuals with bacteriologically confirmed dysbacteriosis were analyzed. RESULTS: The presence of immune deficiency mainly by T-cell type was established in 92.7+/-2.4% of individuals with intestine dysbacteriosis. Significant variations in -interferon content in coprofiltrates of examined individuals was detected (from no less than 5 pcg/ml to 240 pcg/ml), a statistically significant dependence of gamma-interferon content in coprofiltrates on the number of opportunistic microbes and atypical escherichia (including hemolytic) in intestine microbiocenosis was determined. CONCLUSION: The presence of T-cell type immune deficiency in individuals with intestine dysbacteriosis combined with a reduced local protection, and the content of gamma-interferon in coprofiltrates gives evidence not only on the reduction of local protection but also to some extent mirrors the degree of this reduction.

[Indexes of local cytokine status in individuals with intestine dysbacteriosis].

AIM: Determination of the content of various cytokines in coprofiltrates of individuals with bacteriologically confirmed intestine dysbacteriosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative content of large intestine microbiocenosis was studied; IFNγ, pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1ß) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) content was determined using EIA in coprofiltrates of 139 individuals aged 18 - 60 years. All the indexes were juxtaposed with the cytokine index (CI): RESULTS. A high content of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 with normal levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-8 was established. A comparable content of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and escherichia was detected in individuals with various CI index; in individuals with CI above 1 c.u. and above 10 c.u., against the background of proportionally intensifying IFNγ induction, an increase of quantity of escherichia with decreased enzymatic activity and frequent detection of opportunistic enterobacteria, staphylococci and Candida genus fungi is noted. CONCLUSION: The presence of opportunistic microflora at low content of IFNγ with CI of less than 1 c.u. could be evaluated as a dysbiotic reaction, and the presence of opportunistic microflora against the background of high IFNγ content with CI of above 10 c.u.--as a development of systemic inflammation due to translocation of dysbiotic microflora into the bloodflow.

[Biochemical criteria for severity of colonic dysbacteriosis].

The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the coprofiltrates of human beings with bacteriologically verified colonic dysbacteriosis and to clarify a relationship of the amount of MDA in the coprofiltrates to the degree of the abnormal qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiocenosis. Specimens from 109 subjects aged 19 to 56 years were examined. The change in the level of MDA in the coprofiltrates was found to correspond to the impairment in the composition of microbiocenosis. The comparison of the coprofiltrate content of MDA with enteric microbiocenotic changes allows one to consider that MDA levels may serve as a biochemical criterion for the degree of dysbacteriosis and be used as an additional method for its diagnosis.

[Features of microbiocenosis composition of large intestine of humans with various degree of local metabolic disorders].

AIM: Detection of features of qualitative and quantitative composition of large intestine microbiocenosis of humans with various degree of local metabolic disorders during dysbacterioses due to various causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microflora of large intestine and content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in coprofiltrates of 330 adult humans with large intestine dysbacterioses due to various causes were studied. RESULTS: It was established, that high MDA content in coprofiltrates matches higher quantities of opportunistic microorganisms and atypical escherichia in microflora composition of large intestine. Relation of MDA composition in coprofiltrates and factors that cause dysbacteriosis were not detected. CONCLUSION: The studies performed give evidence that changes in local metabolic activity may be a single mechanism of development of large intestine dysbacterioses that are caused by various factors.

[Measures of local non-specific resistance during of colon dysbiosis].

AIM: To study several parameters of local non-specific resistance during development of experimental dysbiosis caused by administration of wide spectrum antibiotic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Objects of the study were colonocytes and coprofiltrates from 120 outbred mice developing experimental dysbiosis, in which activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxid dismutase [SOD] and catalase) and level of one of the final product of lipid peroxidation--malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: Decrease of SOD and catalase activity and significant increase of MDA level during development of experimental dysbiosis were established, which were associated with decreased activity of oxygen-dependent bactericidal systems of colonocytes and changes in composition of colon microbiocenosis. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that changes in parameters of local non-specific resistance could be one of mechanisms, which cause alteration of microbiocenosis composition during colon dysbiosis.

[Microbiocenosis of large intestine in persons with dysfunctional disorders of biliary tract].

AIM: To study prevalence of hemolytic Escherichia in microbiocenosis of large intestine in 501 adult persons from Rostov-on-Don city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comparison of qualitative and quantitative composition of large intestine microbiocenosis in 248 persons with ultrasound examination of functional state of biliary tract was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant dependence of the rate of hemolytic Escherichia detection in microflora of large intestine from presence of dysfunctional disorders of biliary tract (biliary tract dysfunction) was revealed. Difference in character of microecological changes in large intestine of patients with such disorders and persons treated with wide-spectrum antibiotics was established. It was revealed that main feature of large intestine dysbiosis in patients with biliary tract dysfunction was the presence of significant quantity of hemolytic Escherichia as part of this compartment's microflora. CONCLUSION: Hypothesis about possible role of functional disorders of biliary tract as a primary cause of microecologic imbalance was proposed.

[Determination of the enterotoxigenicity of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms using the method of suppressing the dehydrogenase activity of the UV mutant Staphylococcus aureus 209 P]. / Opredelenie énterotoksigennosti uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov metodom podavleniia degidrogenaznoi aktivnosti UF-mutanta Staphylococcus aureus 209 P.

The S. aureus 209P UF mutant dehydrogenase activity suppression method was used for detection of enterotoxin of Enterobacteriaceae opportunistic bacteria. Comparison of V. cholerae non 01, E coli and K. pneumonia toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains, neutralization test with antitoxic anticholera serum, comparative study of toxigenicities in paw edema test (according to Yu. P. Vartanyan) have shown that Escherichia and Klebsiella toxigenic strains can suppress S. aureus 209P UF mutant dehydrogenase activity, which fact permits the employment of this method for the detection of opportunistic bacteria enterotoxigenicity.

[Neuraminidase activity of staphylococci]. / Neiraminidaznaia aktivnost' stafilokokkov.

141 S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains, isolated from the personnel of obstetric wards by taking smears from the anterior sections of the nose, have been tested for their capacity for neuraminidase production. The test has been carried out by the thiobarbiturate method in a medium with ovomucin added. Neuraminidase activity has been found to be characteristic mostly of S. aureus strains isolated from constant carriers.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Staph. aureus strains isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of healthy carriers]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam shtammov Staph. aureus, vydelennykh iz verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei zdorovykh nositelei.

Sensitivity of 1004 cultures of Staph. aureus isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of the staff of a maternity hospital was studied by the method of serial dilutions in agar with respect to 11 antibiotics. It was found that 61.9, 39.5 and 16.5 per cent of the isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and levomycetin respectively. Most of the cultures were sensitive to streptomycin and oleandomycin. The cultures of Staph. aureus isolated from the staff were sensitive to low doses of kanamycin, oxacillin and lincomycin. Most of the isolates were inhibited only by high doses of methicillin, ampicillin, ristomycin and cephaloridin.

[Antagonistic interrelationships between the staphylococci and Sarcina isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of virtually healthy persons]. / Antagonisticheskie vzaimootnosheniia mezhdu stafilokokkami i sartsinami, vydelennymi iz verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei prakticheski zdorovykh liudei

The antagonistic activity of staphylococci isolated from the mucosa of the anterior parts of the nose of practically healthy persons was studied with respect to 102 strains of Sarcinia. Staphylococcus aureus had the most pronounced inhibitory effect on Sarcinia. No difference in the antagonistic activity of the staphylococci isolated from the carriers of the permanent and transitory types was found. However, Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the permanent carriers had a broader activity spectrum.